Prevalencia de hallazgos compatibles con material de osteosíntesis en radiografías panorámicas / Prevalence of fidings compatible with osteosynthesis material in panoramic radiographs

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de hallazgos compatibles con material de osteosíntesis en radiografías panorámicas, en el centro radiológico de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca en el periodo 2015 - 2016. Materiales y métodos: la metodología utilizada fue con un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. La población de este estudio se conformó por todo el universo de las radiografías panorámicas depositadas en la base de datos del centro radiológico de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Facultad de Odontología en el periodo 2015 - 2016 que suman un total de 3.243 radiografías, de las cuales fueron excluidas las radiografías panorámicas digitales que se han tomadas fuera del corte focal, radiografías tomadas con una técnica inadecuada, radiografías cefálicas, radiografías oclusales y radiografías digitales que se encontraron repetidas en la base de datos o con datos incompletos del paciente que no se pueda definir la edad o el sexo al que corresponden, siendo un total de 117 radiografías digitales excluidas. Resultados: se evidencio que existe una mínima prevalencia de hallazgos radiográficos compatibles con materiales de osteosíntesis en el centro radiológico de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, representado con un 0,2% correspondiente a 7 pacientes, siendo más prevalente en la mandíbula y maxilar superior en igual proporción y siendo menos frecuente en el cóndilo mandibular representado por un 0,03%. Todos estos estudios arrojaron que se presentaba en paciente de 34 años de edad promedio, con una desviación estándar de 15 años; sin embargo, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los dos sexos antes mencionados.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of fidings compatible with osteosynthesis material in panoramic radiographs, at the radiological center of the Catholic University of Cuenca, in the period 2015-2016. Materials and methods: the methodology used was with a quantitative, descriptive, observational and retrospective approach. The population for this study consisted of the whole collection of panoramic radiographs deposited in the database of the Catholic University of Cuenca, Faculty of Dentistry, radiological center in the period 2015 - 2016, totaling 3.243 radiographs, from which were excluded digital panoramic radiographs that were taken outside the focal section, radiographs taken with an inadequate technique, cephalic radiographs, occlusal radiographs and digital radiographs that were found repeated in the database or with incomplete patient data that could not defie the age or sex to which they corresponded, giving a total of 117 excluded digital radiographs. Results: it was shown that there is a minimal prevalence of radiographic fidings compatible with osteosynthesis materials in the radiological center of the Catholic University of Cuenca, represented by 0.2% corresponding to 7 patients, being more prevalent in the mandible and upper maxilla in equal proportion and being less frequent in the mandibular condyle, represented by 0.03%. All these studies showed that it presented in patients of average age 34 years, with a standard deviation of 15 years; however, no signifiant difference was found between males and females.

Measurement accuracy and reliability of tooth length on conventional and CBCT reconstructed panoramic radiographs

INTRODUCTION: This in vivo study assessed accuracy and reliability of tooth length measurements obtained from conventional panoramic radiographs and CBCT panoramic reconstructions to that of a digital caliper (gold standard). METHODS: The sample consisted of subjects who had CBCT and conventional panoramic radiographic imaging and who required maxillary premolar extraction for routine orthodontic treatment. A total of 48 teeth extracted from 26 subjects were measured directly with digital calipers. Radiographic images were scanned and digitally measured in Dolphin 3D software. Accuracy of tooth length measurements made by CBCT panoramic reconstructions, conventional panoramic radiographs and digital caliper (gold standard) were compared to each other by repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and by single measures intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Repeated root length measures with digital calipers, panoramic radiographs and CBCT constructed panoramic-like images were all individually highly reliable. Compared to the caliper (gold standard), tooth measurements obtained from conventional panoramic radiographs were on average 6.3 mm (SD = 2.0 mm) longer, while tooth measurements from CBCT panoramic reconstructions were an average of 1.7 mm (SD = 1.2 mm) shorter. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to actual tooth lengths, conventional panoramic radiographs were relatively inaccurate, overestimating the lengths by 29%, while CBCT panoramic reconstructions underestimated the lengths by 4%. .

INTRODUÇÃO: este estudo in vivo avaliou a precisão e a confiabilidade de medições do comprimento dentário realizadas em radiografias panorâmicas convencionais e em reconstruções panorâmicas de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), comparando-as com medições feitas com um paquímetro digital, consideradas o padrão-ouro. MÉTODOS: a amostra incluiu indivíduos que já tivessem realizado tanto exames imaginológicos de TCFC quanto radiografias panorâmicas, e cujo tratamento ortodôntico exigisse a extração de pré-molar superior. No total, 48 dentes extraídos, de 26 pacientes, foram mensurados diretamente com paquímetros digitais. As radiografias foram escaneadas e digitalmente avaliadas com a ajuda do software Dolphin 3D. Por meio da análise de variância simples com correção de Bonferroni e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse simples, comparou-se a precisão das medições de comprimento dentário realizadas em reconstruções panorâmicas de TCFC, em radiografias panorâmicas convencionais e com paquímetro digital. RESULTADOS: medições repetidas de comprimento dentário feitas com o paquímetro digital, radiografias panorâmicas e reconstruções panorâmicas de TCFC foram todas consideradas, individualmente, altamente confiáveis. Em comparação ao paquímetro, as medidas obtidas por meio de radiografias panorâmicas convencionais foram, em média, 6,3 ± 2,0mm mais longas, enquanto as medidas obtidas por meio das reconstruções panorâmicas de TCFC foram, em média, 1,7 ± 1,2mm mais curtas. CONCLUSÕES: em comparação com o real comprimento dentário, as radiografias panorâmicas convencionais foram relativamente ...

Prevalence of dental anomalies of number in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at carrying out a radiographic analysis on the prevalence of dental anomalies of number (agenesis and supernumerary teeth) in permanent dentition, in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate pre-adolescent patients. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 300 patients aged between 9 and 12 years, with cleft palate and enrolled in a single treatment center, were retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into two groups according to the extension/severity of the cleft palate: complete and incomplete . The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison regarding the prevalence of the investigated dental anomalies (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Agenesis was found in 34.14% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 30.27% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. Supernumerary teeth were found in 2.43% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 0.91% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. No statistically significant difference was found between groups with regard to the prevalence of agenesis and supernumerary teeth. There was no difference in cleft prevalence between genders within each study group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dental anomalies of number in pre-adolescents with cleft palate was higher than that reported for the general population. The severity of cleft palate did not seem to be associated with the prevalence of dental anomalies of number. .

OBJETIVO: o propósito deste estudo foi avaliar radiograficamente a prevalência das anomalias dentárias de número (agenesias e supranumerários), na dentição permanente, em diferentes subfenótipos da fissura isolada de palato, em pacientes pré-adolescentes. MÉTODOS: foram investigadas, de forma retrospectiva, 300 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com fissura palatina (pós-forame), de 9 a 12 anos de idade, matriculados em um mesmo centro. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a extensão/gravidade da fissura palatina: completa e incompleta. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação intergrupos das prevalências de anomalias avaliadas (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a agenesia dentária foi encontrada em 34,14% dos pacientes com fissura pós-forame completa e em 30,27% com fissura pós-forame incompleta. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários correspondeu a 2,43% nos pacientes com fissura palatina completa e a 0,91% no grupo com fissura palatina incompleta. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos quanto à prevalência de agenesias dentárias e supranumerários. Não se observou diferença sexual quanto à prevalência de fissura dentro de cada grupo de estudo. CONCLUSÃO: os pacientes pré-adolescentes com fissura palatina apresentam maior prevalência de anomalias dentárias em relação à população em geral. A gravidade da fissura palatina parece não se associar com a prevalência de anomalias dentárias de número. .

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender ; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test (c²), with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de mesiodens nos estágios de dentição decídua e mista, e verificar sua associação com outras anomalias dentárias. MÉTODOS: radiografias panorâmicas de 1.995 pacientes ortodônticos foram analisadas retrospectivamente, obtendo-se uma amostra de 30 pacientes com o mesiodens. Os seguintes aspectos foram analisados: distribuição entre os sexos, número de mesiodens; se irrompido ou não irrompido; posição; complicações; tratamento instituído, e anomalias dentárias associadas. A frequência de anomalias dentárias na amostra estudada foi comparada a valores de referência para a população em geral por meio do teste qui-quadrado (c²), com um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de mesiodens foi de 1,5%, sendo mais comum no sexo masculino (1,5:1). A maior parte dos mesiodens estavam não irrompidos (75%) e numa posição vertical, voltada para a cavidade bucal. O tratamento mais empregado foi a exodontia. As principais complicações associadas ao mesiodens foram o atraso na erupção dos incisivos permanentes (34,28%) e diastema mediano (28,57%). Pacientes com mesiodens não apresentaram prevalência aumentada de microdontia, agenesia de dentes permanentes ou outros supranumerários. De todas as anomalias analisadas, apenas a prevalência de agenesia de incisivo lateral superior mostrou-se aumentada em comparação à população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: o mesiodens foi encontrado em uma prevalência baixa (1,5%) nas dentições decídua e mista, e não apresentou associação com outras anomalias dentárias, com exceção da agenesia de incisivo lateral superior.

Lingual Cortical Mandibular Bone Depression: Frequency and Clinical-Radiological Features in a Brazilian Population

The aim of this study was to report the frequency and clinical-radiological features of cases of lingual cortical mandibular bone depressions (LCMBD) diagnosed in consecutive panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from a Brazilian population. The methods included a retrospective analysis of consecutive panoramic radiographs, charts from the Oral Medicine clinic and consecutive CBCT scans. All cases diagnosed as LCMBD were selected and clinical-radiological data were retrieved from the clinical charts and by the analysis of the image exams. Twenty LCMBD cases diagnosed in 18 patients were found, including 2 from 3,000 consecutive panoramic radiographs (0.07%), 6 from 2,421 Oral Medicine patients (0.25%) and 10 from 1,684 CBCT scans (0.59%). The 18 patients had a mean age of 51.5 years and 13 were males. Two patients presented bilateral lesions. Fourteen images (70%) were classified as well-defined. Eighteen affected the posterior area of the mandible and two affected the anterior mandible. Size of the lesions was larger in younger patients. In conclusion, there seemed to be a considerable radiological heterogeneity when comparing the LCMBD cases and it seemed that the images decreased in size with the increase of patient's age.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a frequência e os achados clínico-radiográficos dos casos de depressão cortical mandibular lingual diagnosticados em radiografias panorâmicas e em tomografias computadorizadas realizadas pela técnica de feixe cônico consecutivas em uma população brasileira. A metodologia incluiu uma análise retrospectiva de radiografias panorâmicas consecutivas, dos registros dos pacientes da clínica de estomatologia e tomografias computadorizadas consecutivas realizadas pela técnica do feixe cônico. Todos os casos com diagnóstico de depressão cortical mandibular lingual foram selecionados e as informações clínico-radiográficas foram obtidas a partir dos prontuários dos pacientes e da análise dos exames imaginológicos. Um total de 20 casos de depressão cortical mandibular lingual foi diagnosticado em 18 pacientes, incluindo 2 casos em 3.000 radiografias panorâmicas (0,07%), 6 em 2.421 pacientes da clínica de Estomatologia (0,25%) e 10 em 1.684 pacientes do grupo submetido a tomografia computadorizada (0,59%). Os 18 pacientes mostraram uma média de idade de 51,5 anos e 13 eram do gênero masculino. Dois pacientes apresentaram imagens bilaterais. Quatorze imagens (70%) foram classificadas como bem definidas; dezoito acometeram a região posterior da mandíbula e dois casos acometeram a região anterior da mandíbula. O tamanho das lesões foi maior em pacientes mais jovens. Em conclusão, existe uma considerável heterogeneidade na expressão radiográfica das imagens e parece haver uma diminuição do tamanho das imagens com o aumento da idade dos pacientes. .

Alterations and pathologies prevalence in panoramic radiographs in patients attending the university dental clinic / Prevalencia de alteraciones y patologías en radiografías panorámicas en pacientes atendidos en una clínica dental universitaria

The aim was to report the prevalence of alterations and pathologies of the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs in the clinic of the Dental School at Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, since October 2011 until April 2012. This was developed as a retrospective study involving 516 digital panoramic radiographs upon which was performed a visual analysis to report the prevalence of abnormalities or pathologies. The findings were related to maxillary sinus abnormality or pathology, nasal cavity, maxillary and mandibular bones and dental abnormalities. The panoramic radiograph because of its versatility is still one of the most important oral and maxillofacial diagnosis methods, it helps us to detect pathologies, which do not always have symptomatology and could cause health problems.

El objetivo fue describir la prevalencia de alteraciones y patologías en radiografías panorámicas digitales de la clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, desde octubre de 2011 hasta abril de 2012. Se desarrolló un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 516 radiografías panorámicas digitales en las que se realizó un análisis visual para informar de la prevalencia de anomalías o patologías. Los hallazgos se relacionaron con anormalidad o patología del seno maxilar, cavidad nasal, hueso maxilar y mandibular, y alteraciones dentales. La radiografía panorámica debido a su versatilidad sigue siendo uno de los métodos de diagnóstico oral y maxilofacial más importantes, que nos ayuda a detectar patologías, que no siempre tienen la sintomatología y podrían causar problemas de salud.

Accuracy of linear measurements before and after digitizing periapical and panoramic radiography images

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements made on conventional and digitized periapical and panoramic radiographic images of dry human hemi-mandibles. Images from the posterior region of 22 dry human hemi-mandibles were obtained by conventional panoramic and periapical radiography technique. Using a digital caliper, 3 vertical measurements were marked directly on the dry hemi-mandibles (reference measurements) as well as on the tracing from the conventional radiographic images of the specimens made onto acetate paper sheet: Distance 1: between the upper limit of the alveolar ridge and the lower limit at the mandible base; Distance 2: between the upper limit of the alveolar ridge and the upper limit of the mandibular canal; Distance 3: between the lower limit of the mandibular canal and the lower limit of the mandible base. Next, the radiographs were digitized and the three measurements were made on the digital images using UTHSCSA Image Tool software. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between periapical and panoramic radiographs or between the measurements recorded using the digital caliper and UTHSCSA software compared with dry mandible specimens for Distances 1 (p=0.783), 2 (p=0.986) and 3 (p=0.129). In conclusion, the radiographic techniques evaluated in this study are reliable for vertical bone measurements on selected areas and the UTHSCA Image Tool software is an appropriate measurement method.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia de medidas lineares realizadas em radiografias panorâmicas e periapicais convencionais e digitalizadas de hemimandíbulas humanas secas. Imagens da região posterior de 22 hemimandíbulas humanas secas foram obtidas pelas técnicas panorâmica e periapical convencionais. Com o paquímetro eletrônico digital, foram realizadas três medições verticais diretamente sobre as hemimandíbulas (medidas referenciais), bem como sobre o decalque das imagens convencionais, em papel de acetato: Distância 1: Distância entre o limite superior do rebordo alveolar e o limite inferior da base da mandíbula; Distância 2: Distância entre o limite superior do rebordo alveolar e o limite superior do canal mandibular e Distância 3: Distância entre o limite inferior do canal mandibular e o limite inferior da base da mandíbula. Posteriormente, as radiografias foram digitalizadas e as três medidas foram realizadas nas imagens digitais utilizando o programa UTHSCSA Image Tool. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA a um critério (α=0,05). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p>0,05) entre as radiografias panorâmicas e periapicais, assim como para as medidas obtidas com o paquímetro e pelo programa UTHSCSA Image Tool, quando comparados aos espécimes mandibulares, avaliando as distâncias 1 (p=0,783), 2 (p=0,986) e 3 (p=0,129). Em conclusão, as técnicas radiográficas avaliadas neste estudo mostraram-se confiáveis para mensurações ósseas verticais na área selecionada e o programa de digitalização de imagens UTHSCSA Image Tool é um método adequado de aferição.

Prevalence of hypodontia in nine- to fourteen-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry.

Context: Hypodontia is defined as the congenital absence of one or a few teeth, and is also the most common anomaly in dental development. This condition occurs either individually or as part of the symptoms of a syndrome, and it is more common in permanent teeth than in deciduous teeth, reporting a prevalence of between 1.6 and 9.6%. Aims: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypodontia for permanent teeth in nine- to 14-year-old children who attended the Mashhad School of Dentistry in 2007. Setting and Design: We conducted this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, to determine the mentioned aims. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, panoramic radiographs belonging to 600 children (351 girls and 249 boys), aged nine to 14 years, were available for examination. All related findings were recorded in the respective forms. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed using Exact and Chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in the girls was 9.2%, in the boys 8.8%, and in both sexes combined 9%. The most and the least frequent cases of absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars and the maxillary central incisor (only one child), respectively. The most commonly absent teeth were the mandibular second premolars, the maxillary lateral incisors, the mandibular central incisor, and the maxillary second premolars, in that order. Conclusions: This study showed a high frequency of hypodontia among the understudied population. Thus, due to the complicated treatment, accurate examination of children for on-time diagnosis of this developmental anomaly is crucial.

Parameters in panoramic radiography for differentiation of radiolucent lesions

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to establish parameters in panoramic radiography for interpretation of unilocular radiolucent lesions, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses given by examiners before and after using these parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In Part I, 12 specialists analyzed 24 images and the diagnostic criteria used by each examiner to make correct diagnoses were used to build a list of basic radiographic parameters for each pathology (ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst, and idiopathic bone cavity). In Part II, this list was used by 6 undergraduate students (Un), 8 recently graduated dentists (D), 3 oral pathologists, 3 stomatologists, 3 oral radiologists, and 3 oral surgeons to diagnose the corresponding pathologies in the other set of 24 panoramic radiographs (T2). The same analysis occurred without using this list (T1). The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used in order to estimate the probability of making a correct diagnosis depending on the specialty of the examiner, type of lesion, and moment of the evaluation, T1 or T2 (before or after they had access to the list of parameters, respectively). RESULTS: Higher values were obtained for the probability (GEE) of making a correct diagnosis on T2; the group Un presented the highest improvement (14.6 percent); no differences between the probabilities were observed either between Un and D, or among the different groups of specialists. CONCLUSIONS: The use of panoramic radiographic parameters did allow improving the diagnostic accuracy for all groups of examiners.